Agent Engineering: Bridging the Gap Between Development and Production

Lawrence Jengar
Dec 09, 2025 16:49

Agent engineering is emerging as a crucial discipline in developing reliable AI systems. Learn how it combines product thinking, engineering, and data science for non-deterministic systems.

Agent engineering is being recognized as a vital discipline for developing reliable AI systems, according to a recent blog post by LangChain. This emerging field addresses the challenges of transitioning from development to production, particularly for systems that rely on large language models (LLMs) and exhibit non-deterministic behavior.

What is Agent Engineering?

Agent engineering is defined as the iterative process of refining non-deterministic LLM systems into reliable production experiences. The process is cyclical, involving stages of building, testing, shipping, observing, refining, and repeating. The goal is not merely to ship a product but to continuously improve it by gaining insights from its performance in production environments.

This new discipline combines three critical skill sets:

• Product Thinking: Involves defining the scope and shaping agent behavior. It requires writing prompts that guide agent actions and understanding the job the agent is meant to perform.
• Engineering: Focuses on building the infrastructure needed for agents to operate in production. This includes developing user interfaces and managing memory and execution.
• Data Science: Measures and improves agent performance over time, using tools like A/B testing and error analysis to refine agent behavior.

Emergence and Necessity of Agent Engineering

The necessity for agent engineering arises from two significant shifts. Firstly, LLMs have become capable of handling complex, multi-step workflows, as demonstrated by companies like LinkedIn and Clay, which use agents for tasks ranging from CRM updates to talent pool scanning. Secondly, the unpredictability inherent in LLMs requires a new approach to ensure reliability in production environments.

Agents differ from traditional software because they can interpret inputs in various ways and adapt based on context. This flexibility means every user input could be an edge case, and traditional debugging methods are often ineffective. As such, agent engineering emphasizes observing real-world behavior and refining systems based on these observations.

Practical Application of Agent Engineering

In practice, agent engineering involves a cycle of building, testing, and refining. Initially, engineers must establish the agent’s foundational architecture, whether it involves simple LLM calls or more complex systems. Testing against imagined scenarios helps catch initial issues, but real-world deployment is necessary to understand actual user interactions.

Continuous observation and evaluation of agent performance in production allow for systematic improvements. This approach ensures that agents not only function correctly but also deliver meaningful business value. Successful teams, as noted by LangChain, are those that embrace rapid iteration and treat production as an ongoing learning process.

A New Standard for Engineering

Agent engineering is poised to become a standard practice in AI development, driven by the need for systems that can reliably handle tasks requiring human-like judgment. The discipline emphasizes the importance of learning from production and iterating quickly to enhance agent reliability and functionality.

As organizations increasingly rely on agents for complex workflows, the adoption of agent engineering practices will be crucial in harnessing the full potential of LLMs while ensuring trust and reliability in production environments.

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